在道路工程領(lǐng)域，冷再生技術(shù)憑借其高效、環(huán)保、經(jīng)濟(jì)等優(yōu)勢(shì)備受青睞。冷再生混合料強(qiáng)度的形成直接決定了道路結(jié)構(gòu)的穩(wěn)定性與使用壽命。深入探究其強(qiáng)度形成的關(guān)鍵因素，對(duì)于優(yōu)化冷再生工藝、提升道路工程質(zhì)量具有重要意義。

　　In the field of road engineering, cold recycling technology is highly favored due to its advantages of high efficiency, environmental protection, and economy. The formation of strength in cold recycled mixtures directly determines the stability and service life of road structures. Exploring the key factors that contribute to its strength formation is of great significance for optimizing the cold recycling process and improving the quality of road engineering.

　　一、原材料特性

　　1、 Characteristics of raw materials

　?。ㄒ唬┡f路材料性質(zhì)

　　（1） Properties of old road materials

　　冷再生混合料通常以舊瀝青路面或舊水泥混凝土路面材料作為主要組成部分。舊路材料的老化程度、級(jí)配組成、瀝青含量（針對(duì)舊瀝青路面材料）或水泥石強(qiáng)度（針對(duì)舊水泥混凝土路面材料）等特性，對(duì)混合料強(qiáng)度影響顯著。老化嚴(yán)重的舊瀝青路面材料，瀝青性能下降，粘結(jié)力減弱，會(huì)降低混合料整體強(qiáng)度；而舊路材料級(jí)配不合理，缺少關(guān)鍵粒徑顆粒，易導(dǎo)致混合料內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)松散，難以形成高強(qiáng)度骨架。

　　Cold recycled mixtures are usually composed mainly of old asphalt pavement or old cement concrete pavement materials. The aging degree, gradation composition, asphalt content (for old asphalt pavement materials), or cement stone strength (for old cement concrete pavement materials) of old road materials have a significant impact on the strength of the mixture. Old asphalt pavement materials with severe aging have decreased asphalt performance and weakened bonding strength, which will lower the overall strength of the mixture; The unreasonable grading of old road materials and the lack of key particle sizes can easily lead to loose internal structure of the mixture, making it difficult to form a high-strength skeleton.

　?。ǘ┬绿砑硬牧?/p>

　?。?） Newly added materials

　　新添加的結(jié)合料如水泥、石灰、乳化瀝青等，是冷再生混合料強(qiáng)度形成的重要保障。水泥與水發(fā)生水化反應(yīng)，生成具有膠凝性的水化產(chǎn)物，將混合料中的顆粒緊密粘結(jié)，提升強(qiáng)度；石灰則通過(guò)與土或舊路材料中的活性成分發(fā)生離子交換、火山灰反應(yīng)，改善材料的物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)。新骨料的加入能調(diào)整混合料級(jí)配，其自身強(qiáng)度、粒徑大小和形狀也會(huì)影響混合料的強(qiáng)度。質(zhì)地堅(jiān)硬、級(jí)配良好的骨料，有助于形成嵌擠結(jié)構(gòu)，增強(qiáng)混合料的抗壓和抗剪能力。

　　Newly added binders such as cement, lime, emulsified asphalt, etc. are important guarantees for the strength formation of cold recycled mixtures. Cement undergoes hydration reaction with water, generating hydration products with gelling properties, which tightly bond the particles in the mixture and enhance its strength; Lime improves the physical and mechanical properties of materials through ion exchange and volcanic ash reaction with active ingredients in soil or old road materials. The addition of new aggregates can adjust the gradation of the mixture, and their own strength, particle size, and shape can also affect the strength of the mixture. Hard and well graded aggregates contribute to the formation of interlocking structures and enhance the compressive and shear resistance of the mixture.

　　二、配合比設(shè)計(jì)

　　2、 Mix proportion design

　?。ㄒ唬┙Y(jié)合料劑量

　?。?） Dosage of binder

　　結(jié)合料劑量與冷再生混合料強(qiáng)度呈正相關(guān)，但并非劑量越高越好。以水泥為例，適量增加水泥劑量，能提高混合料的早期和后期強(qiáng)度；然而，劑量過(guò)高會(huì)導(dǎo)致混合料收縮性增大，易產(chǎn)生干縮裂縫，反而降低強(qiáng)度和耐久性。因此，需通過(guò)試驗(yàn)確定最佳結(jié)合料劑量，在保證強(qiáng)度的同時(shí)，兼顧經(jīng)濟(jì)性和穩(wěn)定性。

　　The dosage of binder is positively correlated with the strength of cold recycled mixture, but it is not necessarily better with higher dosage. Taking cement as an example, increasing the cement dosage appropriately can improve the early and later strength of the mixture; However, excessive dosage can lead to increased shrinkage of the mixture, which can easily cause dry shrinkage cracks and reduce strength and durability. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the optimal dosage of binder through experiments, while ensuring strength and balancing economy and stability.

　　（二）材料比例調(diào)配

　?。?） Material ratio allocation

　　除結(jié)合料劑量外，舊路材料、新骨料、水等成分的比例也至關(guān)重要。精確調(diào)配各材料比例，確保混合料具有良好的密實(shí)度和強(qiáng)度。例如，水的用量需嚴(yán)格控制，水分不足會(huì)影響結(jié)合料的水化反應(yīng)和混合料的壓實(shí)效果；水分過(guò)多則會(huì)導(dǎo)致混合料在壓實(shí)過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)彈簧現(xiàn)象，強(qiáng)度難以形成。合理的材料比例調(diào)配，能使混合料內(nèi)部形成穩(wěn)定的結(jié)構(gòu)，充分發(fā)揮各成分的作用。

　　In addition to the dosage of binder, the proportion of old road materials, new aggregates, water and other components is also crucial. Accurately adjust the proportions of various materials to ensure that the mixture has good compactness and strength. For example, the amount of water used needs to be strictly controlled, as insufficient moisture can affect the hydration reaction of the binder and the compaction effect of the mixture; Excessive moisture can cause the mixture to experience springiness during compaction, making it difficult to form strength. Reasonable material ratio can form a stable structure inside the mixture and fully utilize the functions of each component.

　　三、施工工藝

　　3、 Construction technology

　?。ㄒ唬┌韬途鶆蛐?/p>

　?。?） Mixing uniformity

　　冷再生混合料的拌和過(guò)程直接影響強(qiáng)度形成。充分、均勻的拌和，可使結(jié)合料與舊路材料、新骨料充分接觸，保證水化反應(yīng)和物理化學(xué)作用均勻進(jìn)行。若拌和不均勻，部分區(qū)域結(jié)合料含量不足，無(wú)法有效粘結(jié)顆粒，導(dǎo)致強(qiáng)度薄弱；而局部結(jié)合料過(guò)量區(qū)域則可能因收縮裂縫影響整體強(qiáng)度。因此，選擇合適的拌和設(shè)備，控制好拌和時(shí)間和速度，確?；旌狭暇鶆蛞恢拢菑?qiáng)度形成的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。

　　The mixing process of cold recycled mixtures directly affects the formation of strength. Adequate and uniform mixing can ensure that the binder is in full contact with the old road materials and new aggregates, ensuring that hydration reactions and physical and chemical reactions occur uniformly. If the mixing is uneven and the content of binder in some areas is insufficient, it cannot effectively bond the particles, resulting in weak strength; The excess area of local binder may affect the overall strength due to shrinkage cracks. Therefore, selecting appropriate mixing equipment, controlling the mixing time and speed, and ensuring the uniformity of the mixture are key steps in the formation of strength.

　　（二）壓實(shí)工藝

　?。?） Compaction process

　　壓實(shí)是冷再生混合料強(qiáng)度形成的重要工序。合理的壓實(shí)設(shè)備類型、壓實(shí)遍數(shù)和壓實(shí)速度，能有效提高混合料的密實(shí)度。通過(guò)壓實(shí)，混合料內(nèi)部顆粒相互嵌擠，孔隙率降低，從而增強(qiáng)整體強(qiáng)度。不同類型的壓實(shí)機(jī)械（如振動(dòng)壓路機(jī)、輪胎壓路機(jī)）對(duì)混合料的壓實(shí)效果不同，需根據(jù)混合料特性和施工要求選擇。同時(shí)，壓實(shí)過(guò)程應(yīng)遵循先輕后重、先慢后快的原則，避免因壓實(shí)不當(dāng)導(dǎo)致混合料結(jié)構(gòu)破壞。

　　Compaction is an important process for forming the strength of cold recycled mixtures. Reasonable compaction equipment types, compaction passes, and compaction speeds can effectively improve the compactness of the mixture. By compaction, the particles inside the mixture are interlocked and squeezed, reducing the porosity and enhancing the overall strength. Different types of compaction machinery (such as vibratory rollers and tire rollers) have different compaction effects on the mixture, and the selection should be based on the characteristics of the mixture and construction requirements. At the same time, the compaction process should follow the principle of light to heavy and slow to fast to avoid structural damage to the mixture due to improper compaction.

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